normalization related to database management system pdf

Normalization related to database management system pdf plus#

Sometimes 'normalize' is ( wrongly) used to mean (6) 'convert from a relation with columns with certain values to a relation with columns with ids replacing the values plus some relation(s) associating ids with those values'. (But 'repeating group' is a vague pre-relational non-relational notion.) Sometimes (2), (3) or (5) are ( wrongly) called 'getting rid of a repeating group'. Sometimes 'normalize' is ( wrongly) used to mean (5) 'convert from a relation with some columns plus one additional column per value in a range to a relation with only one additional column but with each row of the original replaced by a row for each dropped column'. (And usually what the non-relational data structure is supposed to mean in terms of relations is not explained, so 'normalize' doesn't actually get defined.) Sometimes presentations of (3) write as though there were multiple values per column per row, but that cannot be, since a relation by definition has one value per column per row, so they are confused about whether they are in (3) or (4). Sometimes 'normalize' is ( wrongly) used to mean (4) 'convert from non-relations to relations', where the relations might also be in '0NF' or 'UNF' or '1NF'. Sometimes 'in 0NF' or 'in UNF' or 'in 1NF' means 'is a relation'. Sometimes 'in 0NF' or 'in UNF' means being some some kind of non-relation. Sometimes it (wrongly and vaguely) means a relation with no 'non-atomic' columns. Sometimes it (forgiveably) means relation with no relation-valued columns. The meaning might involve parts of the same type and/or of different types. The undesired columns are called 'non- atomic', 'composite', etc. Ubiquitously 'normalize' is ( wrongly and vaguely) used to mean (3) 'convert from a relation with columns with some types that have multiple parts to relations with columns with the types of the parts'. (This was its original meaning.) After (1) was developed this use of 'normalize' became 'put into 1NF'. Sometimes 'normalize' is used to mean (2) 'convert from relations that have relation-valued columns to relations that don't'. Sometimes the meaning includes putting into '1NF' before decomposition. Sometimes the meaning requires input in some 'NF'. This involves FDs (functional dependencies) and JDs (join dependencies). This is normalization to higher NFs (normal forms) than 1NF. Sometimes 'normalize' is used to mean (1) 'decompose each relation to smaller relations that are its projections and that join back to it'. A relation has an associated set of columns of any type and an associated set of rows.

Normalization related to database management system pdf